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<title>Console application</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Console application</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about applications with text input consoles. For applications that can run on video game consoles, see <a href="Console_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Console game">Console game</a>.</div>

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<p>A <b>console application</b> or <b>command-line program</b> is a <a href="Computer_program" title="Computer program">computer program</a> (<a href="Application_program" class="mw-redirect" title="Application program">applications</a> or <a href="Utility_software" title="Utility software">utilities</a>) designed to be used via a <a href="Text-only" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-only">text-only</a> <a href="User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a>.

</p><p>A console application can be used with a <a href="Computer_terminal" title="Computer terminal">computer terminal</a>, a <a href="System_console" class="mw-redirect" title="System console">system console</a>, or a <a href="Terminal_emulator" title="Terminal emulator">terminal emulator</a> included with a <a href="Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">graphical user interface</a> (GUI) operating system, such as the <a href="Windows_Console" title="Windows Console">Windows Console</a> in <a href="Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="Terminal_(macOS)" title="Terminal (macOS)">Terminal</a> in <a href="MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, and <a href="Xterm" title="Xterm">xterm</a> in the <a href="X_Window_System" title="X Window System">X Window System</a> on <a href="Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2></div>

<p>A user typically interacts with a console application using only a <a href="Computer_keyboard" title="Computer keyboard">keyboard</a> and <a href="Computer_display" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer display">display screen</a>, as opposed to GUI applications, which normally require the use of a <a href="Mouse_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouse (computing)">mouse</a> or other <a href="Pointing_device" title="Pointing device">pointing device</a>. Many console applications such as <a href="Command_line_interpreter" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line interpreter">command line interpreters</a> are <a href="Command_line_interface" class="mw-redirect" title="Command line interface">command line</a> tools, but numerous <a href="Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">text-based user interface</a> (TUI) programs also exist.

</p><p>As the speed and ease-of-use of GUIs applications have improved over time, the use of console applications has greatly diminished, but not disappeared. Some users simply prefer console based applications, while some organizations still rely on existing console applications to handle key data processing tasks.

</p><p>The ability to create console applications is kept as a feature of modern <a href="Programming_environment" class="mw-redirect" title="Programming environment">programming environments</a> such as <a href="Visual_Studio" title="Visual Studio">Visual Studio</a> and the <a href=".NET_Framework" title=".NET Framework">.NET Framework</a> on Microsoft Windows.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It simplifies the learning process of a new programming language by removing the complexity of a graphical user interface (see an example in the <a href="C_Sharp_(programming_language)#Hello_World" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> article).

</p><p>For data processing tasks and computer administration, these programming environments represent the next level of operating system or data processing control after <a href="Scripting_language" title="Scripting language">scripting</a>. If an application is only going to be run by the original programmer and/or a few colleagues, there may be no need for a pretty graphical user interface, leaving the application leaner, faster and easier to maintain.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Text-based_user_interface">Text-based user interface</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Text-based_user_interface" title="Text-based user interface">Text-based user interface</a></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries">Libraries</h3></div>

<p>Multiple <a href="Software_library" class="mw-redirect" title="Software library">libraries</a> are available to assist with the development of Text User Interfaces.

</p><p>On Unix systems, such libraries are <a href="Ncurses" title="Ncurses">ncurses</a> and <a href="Curses_(programming_library)" title="Curses (programming library)">curses</a>.

</p><p>On Microsoft Windows, <a href="Conio.h" title="Conio.h">conio.h</a> is an example of such library.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2></div>

<p>Console-based applications include <a href="Alpine_(e-mail_client)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpine (e-mail client)">Alpine</a> (an <a href="E-mail_client" class="mw-redirect" title="E-mail client">e-mail client</a>), cmus (an <a href="Audio_player_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio player (software)">audio player</a>), <a href="Irssi" title="Irssi">Irssi</a> (an <a href="IRC_client" class="mw-redirect" title="IRC client">IRC client</a>), <a href="Lynx_(web_browser)" title="Lynx (web browser)">Lynx</a> (a <a href="Web_browser" title="Web browser">web browser</a>), <a href="Midnight_Commander" title="Midnight Commander">Midnight Commander</a> (a <a href="File_manager" title="File manager">file manager</a>), <a href="Music_on_Console" title="Music on Console">Music on Console</a> (an <a href="Audio_player_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio player (software)">audio player</a>), <a href="Mutt_(e-mail_client)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutt (e-mail client)">Mutt</a> (an e-mail client), <a href="Nano_(text_editor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nano (text editor)">nano</a> (a <a href="Text_editor" title="Text editor">text editor</a>), <a href="Ne_(text_editor)" title="Ne (text editor)">ne</a> (a text editor), <a href="Newsbeuter" title="Newsbeuter">newsbeuter</a> (an <a href="RSS_reader" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS reader">RSS reader</a>), and <a href="Ranger_(file_manager)" title="Ranger (file manager)">ranger</a> (a <a href="File_manager" title="File manager">file manager</a>).

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Text-based_(computing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Text-based (computing)">Text-based (computing)</a></li>

<li><a href="Box-drawing_character" class="mw-redirect" title="Box-drawing character">Box-drawing character</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Shell (computing)</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFStiglerLinsenbradtCowartGregg1999" class="citation book cs1">Stigler, Shane; Linsenbradt, Mark; Cowart, Robert; Gregg, Kenneth (1999). <i>Windows NT 4 Administrator's Handbook</i>. <a href="Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0764532870</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFOberg2002" class="citation book cs1">Oberg, Robert J. (2002). <i>Introduction to C# Using .NET</i>. <a href="Prentice_Hall_PTR" class="mw-redirect" title="Prentice Hall PTR">Prentice Hall PTR</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0130418012</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFRichter1994" class="citation book cs1">Richter, Jeffrey (1994). <i>Advanced Windows NT The Developer's Guide to the Win32 Application Programming Interface</i>. <a href="Microsoft_Press" title="Microsoft Press">Microsoft Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1556155673</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

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</style><div id="Operating_systems310" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Comparison_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of operating systems">Comparison</a></li>

<li><a href="Forensic_software_engineering" title="Forensic software engineering">Forensic engineering</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_operating_systems" title="History of operating systems">History</a></li>

<li><a href="Timeline_of_operating_systems" title="Timeline of operating systems">Timeline</a></li>

<li><a href="Usage_share_of_operating_systems" title="Usage share of operating systems">Usage share</a></li>

<li><a href="Comparison_of_user_features_of_operating_systems" title="Comparison of user features of operating systems">User features comparison</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Disk_operating_system" title="Disk operating system">Disk operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Distributed_operating_system" title="Distributed operating system">Distributed operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Embedded_operating_system" title="Embedded operating system">Embedded operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Hobbyist_operating_system" title="Hobbyist operating system">Hobbyist operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Just_enough_operating_system" title="Just enough operating system">Just enough operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Mobile_operating_system" title="Mobile operating system">Mobile operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_operating_system" title="Network operating system">Network operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Object-oriented_operating_system" title="Object-oriented operating system">Object-oriented operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time operating system</a></li>

<li><a href="Supercomputer_operating_system" title="Supercomputer operating system">Supercomputer operating system</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Computer_architecture" title="Computer architecture">Architectures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Exokernel" title="Exokernel">Exokernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Hybrid_kernel" title="Hybrid kernel">Hybrid</a></li>

<li><a href="Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Monolithic_kernel" title="Monolithic kernel">Monolithic</a></li>

<li><a href="Multikernel" title="Multikernel">Multikernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Vkernel" title="Vkernel">vkernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Rump_kernel" title="Rump kernel">Rump kernel</a></li>

<li><a href="Unikernel" title="Unikernel">Unikernel</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Device_driver" title="Device driver">Device driver</a></li>

<li><a href="Loadable_kernel_module" title="Loadable kernel module">Loadable kernel module</a></li>

<li><a href="User_space_and_kernel_space" title="User space and kernel space">User space and kernel space</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Process_management_(computing)" title="Process management (computing)">Process management</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Computer_multitasking" title="Computer multitasking">Computer multitasking</a> (<a href="Cooperative_multitasking" title="Cooperative multitasking">Cooperative</a>, <a href="Preemption_(computing)" title="Preemption (computing)">Preemptive</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Context_switch" title="Context switch">Context switch</a></li>

<li><a href="Interrupt" title="Interrupt">Interrupt</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_(computing)" title="Process (computing)">Process</a></li>

<li><a href="Process_control_block" title="Process control block">Process control block</a></li>

<li><a href="Thread_(computing)" title="Thread (computing)">Thread</a></li>

<li><a href="Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">Time-sharing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="Scheduling_(computing)" title="Scheduling (computing)">Scheduling<br>algorithms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fixed-priority_pre-emptive_scheduling" title="Fixed-priority pre-emptive scheduling">Fixed-priority preemptive</a></li>

<li><a href="Multilevel_feedback_queue" title="Multilevel feedback queue">Multilevel feedback queue</a></li>

<li><a href="Round-robin_scheduling" title="Round-robin scheduling">Round-robin</a></li>

<li><a href="Shortest_job_next" title="Shortest job next">Shortest job next</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Memory_management_(operating_systems)" title="Memory management (operating systems)">Memory management</a>,<br><a href="System_resource" title="System resource">resource</a> protection</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bus_error" title="Bus error">Bus error</a></li>

<li><a href="General_protection_fault" title="General protection fault">General protection fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_paging" title="Memory paging">Memory paging</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory_protection" title="Memory protection">Memory protection</a></li>

<li><a href="Protection_ring" title="Protection ring">Protection ring</a></li>

<li><a href="Segmentation_fault" title="Segmentation fault">Segmentation fault</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_memory" title="Virtual memory">Virtual memory</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Non-volatile_memory" title="Non-volatile memory">Storage</a> access,<br><a href="File_system" title="File system">file systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Booting#BOOT-LOADER" title="Booting">Boot loader</a></li>

<li><a href="Defragmentation" title="Defragmentation">Defragmentation</a></li>

<li><a href="Device_file" title="Device file">Device file</a></li>

<li><a href="File_attribute" title="File attribute">File attribute</a></li>

<li><a href="Inode" title="Inode">Inode</a></li>

<li><a href="Journaling_file_system" title="Journaling file system">Journal</a></li>

<li><a href="Disk_partitioning" title="Disk partitioning">Partition</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_file_system" title="Virtual file system">Virtual file system</a></li>

<li><a href="Virtual_tape_library" title="Virtual tape library">Virtual tape library</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Supporting concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Computer_network" title="Computer network">Computer network</a></li>

<li><a href="Shell_(computing)" title="Shell (computing)">Shell</a>

<li><a href="User_interface" title="User interface">User interface</a></li></ul></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<p><br>

</p>

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